At a distance of eight months from the date of a U.S. withdrawal, under the terms of the security agreement signed at the end of 2008, it seems the political scene - the Iraqi security open significant new benefits. Robert Gates last trip to Iraq constituted a surprise in this context and reinforced fears of a new complexities added to the problems and the persistent differences of the list.
What are the main items of the security agreement, and any repercussions on the Iraqi scene opens?
It is a recent regional developments warrant reconsideration of the security agreement in terms of retention of U.S. forces, for an additional period, in Iraq until the situation settles in more than one Arab country?
Question is posed in the wake of a trip, and U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates to Iraq, which opened the doors on the prospects for the next stage, Iraq and the region, and launched a political debates and conflicting positions over the Iraqi file complex. It is interesting that the explicit invitation launched by the U.S. Minister was contrary to the assurances made during the recent months, in the words of senior American officials, starting with President Barack Obama, about the intention of American can not afford to end the confusion task forces in a timely manner, at the end of the year.
And he scores a lot of insiders that the American call to extend the stay of troops to extend the mission Aerakipjaet result data internal also the most prominent failure of the political forces in the resolution of the final formation of the government still retains security ministries (Defense, Interior and National Security) vacancies handled by Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki, acting, and back to recent security breaches experienced by the country, the most prominent storm Council Salah ad Din province.
The reference to the side of the field, the Iraqi forces requested more than once in recent months the aid of U.S. forces to face major security challenges, the most prominent free hostages and an end to the control of insurgents on the Board of Salahuddin province, also requested support in a major military operation witnessed Diyala province late last year, as well as for air support to U.S. forces, which rely on Iraqi forces significantly. Apart from the country's need to the American forces to maintain security, the situation of political crisis in Iraq did not permit the discussion of the controversial primarily as a matter of amendment of the security agreement to allow the extension of U.S. forces to remain until after the year 2011 because of differences obscure now among most of the parties to the political process on the implementation of agreements suspended until the political moment. Added to the fears of some political forces exploiting popular anger fueling the current sentiment against any political party attempt to extend the mission of the U.S. military, even though these parties confirmed that in the interest of Iraq's security, which opens up the political scene to additional complications.
Although Article 27 of the security agreement signed between Baghdad and Washington, states that «the event of any external or internal threat against Iraq, or the occurrence of aggression upon it, would violate its sovereignty (...) The Parties shall, at the request of the Government of Iraq, to initiate immediately in the deliberations of the Strategy, to discuss the possibility to extend the survival of those forces at the request of the government », but there are difficult to put this item into practical implementation. And the need to amend the Convention to a political consensus seems to agree that the odds of getting over this issue is very small, because of disagreements between the main political forces «coalition rule of law» and «Iraq» on the implementation of political agreements that led to the formation of the government, but some items did not materialize until Now the most important of the formation of «Policy Council» for «Iraq».
Question is posed in the wake of a trip, and U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates to Iraq, which opened the doors on the prospects for the next stage, Iraq and the region, and launched a political debates and conflicting positions over the Iraqi file complex. It is interesting that the explicit invitation launched by the U.S. Minister was contrary to the assurances made during the recent months, in the words of senior American officials, starting with President Barack Obama, about the intention of American can not afford to end the confusion task forces in a timely manner, at the end of the year.
And he scores a lot of insiders that the American call to extend the stay of troops to extend the mission Aerakipjaet result data internal also the most prominent failure of the political forces in the resolution of the final formation of the government still retains security ministries (Defense, Interior and National Security) vacancies handled by Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki, acting, and back to recent security breaches experienced by the country, the most prominent storm Council Salah ad Din province.
The reference to the side of the field, the Iraqi forces requested more than once in recent months the aid of U.S. forces to face major security challenges, the most prominent free hostages and an end to the control of insurgents on the Board of Salahuddin province, also requested support in a major military operation witnessed Diyala province late last year, as well as for air support to U.S. forces, which rely on Iraqi forces significantly. Apart from the country's need to the American forces to maintain security, the situation of political crisis in Iraq did not permit the discussion of the controversial primarily as a matter of amendment of the security agreement to allow the extension of U.S. forces to remain until after the year 2011 because of differences obscure now among most of the parties to the political process on the implementation of agreements suspended until the political moment. Added to the fears of some political forces exploiting popular anger fueling the current sentiment against any political party attempt to extend the mission of the U.S. military, even though these parties confirmed that in the interest of Iraq's security, which opens up the political scene to additional complications.
Although Article 27 of the security agreement signed between Baghdad and Washington, states that «the event of any external or internal threat against Iraq, or the occurrence of aggression upon it, would violate its sovereignty (...) The Parties shall, at the request of the Government of Iraq, to initiate immediately in the deliberations of the Strategy, to discuss the possibility to extend the survival of those forces at the request of the government », but there are difficult to put this item into practical implementation. And the need to amend the Convention to a political consensus seems to agree that the odds of getting over this issue is very small, because of disagreements between the main political forces «coalition rule of law» and «Iraq» on the implementation of political agreements that led to the formation of the government, but some items did not materialize until Now the most important of the formation of «Policy Council» for «Iraq».
Opposing positions
And political attitudes toward the extension conflicting, and in light of the continued crisis of the disputed areas, and the need to spread U.S. forces in the north, the «Kurdistan Alliance» show no objection to the extension, with refuse «Sadr» that threatens Releases leader to end the freeze «the Mahdi Army »back to fight U.S. forces.
The prime minister Nuri al-Maliki and his coalition «rule of law» and popular political pressure and U.S. on the issue of extension, which throws the ball in the court of the political blocs, and requests a political agreement is difficult to obtain. And joined by Deputies on «Iraq» Mohammed Salman and «center» Muhammad Iqbal on the need to bring the issue to a popular referendum to be al-Faisal, especially as the political blocs coincided when voting on the security agreement on the articles of the constitution.
The prime minister Nuri al-Maliki and his coalition «rule of law» and popular political pressure and U.S. on the issue of extension, which throws the ball in the court of the political blocs, and requests a political agreement is difficult to obtain. And joined by Deputies on «Iraq» Mohammed Salman and «center» Muhammad Iqbal on the need to bring the issue to a popular referendum to be al-Faisal, especially as the political blocs coincided when voting on the security agreement on the articles of the constitution.
The second paragraph - the first item - of the Law on the ratification of the security agreement relating to the withdrawal of U.S. troops from the country and organize their activities through the temporary presence in which the «View of the Convention on the Iraqi people to a popular referendum no later than 30 July (July) 2009, to organize Electoral Commission for elections, the referendum process in accordance with the requirements of the General People's Constitution and the law »has committed Article III of this law, the Iraqi government the results of the referendum, but the referendum has not been at the time was repeatedly postponed until the withdrawal deadline approached.
In addition to internal differences on the survival of U.S. forces in the country for a longer period that the reservations of Foreign Affairs does not have to be taken into account, Iran and Syria, two of the most countries that opposed the signing of the agreement at the time, two public stand on the issue, has described Iran's agreement as a «naked on Iraq »Syria and considered« an American plot to take Iraq as a base to attack neighboring countries ».
According to the facts of the day, the phase after the U.S. withdrawal from the country will put Iraq in front of a basic first «military», so that the withdrawal of U.S. troops permanently, a major challenge for the Iraqi government and its ability to fill the security vacuum with security breaches repeated, and might raise opponents politicians from the non-neutrality of the Iraqi forces, which was formed on the basis of sectarian and partisan in its early stages, and produced the last five years several cases reinforced that.
And security there is almost agreement on the presence of many of the shortcomings in building security services for some of the intelligence breakdown, others a lack of training and weapons, especially the continuing need for an effective air force.
And impose fears Iraq funds deposited in foreign banks in accordance with the provisions of Chapter VII, and how to maintain a challenge «economic» facing the country, and despite the presence of an item in the text of the Convention required the U.S. side of trying to adopt an international resolution to ensure the protection of Iraqi funds, that the result does not mean the danger has passed, which would remain in place, and therefore the maintenance of these funds a major task facing the work of the government.
Meanwhile, the complicated crisis of governance in the country with the escalation of disputes between allies and opponents in the light of the constant factor the lack of confidence with claims for activating the national reconciliation and the rebuilding of a strong government as a «political challenge» must not be delayed in the next stage, especially since the new government is still working in the absence of ministers and security.
In addition to internal differences on the survival of U.S. forces in the country for a longer period that the reservations of Foreign Affairs does not have to be taken into account, Iran and Syria, two of the most countries that opposed the signing of the agreement at the time, two public stand on the issue, has described Iran's agreement as a «naked on Iraq »Syria and considered« an American plot to take Iraq as a base to attack neighboring countries ».
According to the facts of the day, the phase after the U.S. withdrawal from the country will put Iraq in front of a basic first «military», so that the withdrawal of U.S. troops permanently, a major challenge for the Iraqi government and its ability to fill the security vacuum with security breaches repeated, and might raise opponents politicians from the non-neutrality of the Iraqi forces, which was formed on the basis of sectarian and partisan in its early stages, and produced the last five years several cases reinforced that.
And security there is almost agreement on the presence of many of the shortcomings in building security services for some of the intelligence breakdown, others a lack of training and weapons, especially the continuing need for an effective air force.
And impose fears Iraq funds deposited in foreign banks in accordance with the provisions of Chapter VII, and how to maintain a challenge «economic» facing the country, and despite the presence of an item in the text of the Convention required the U.S. side of trying to adopt an international resolution to ensure the protection of Iraqi funds, that the result does not mean the danger has passed, which would remain in place, and therefore the maintenance of these funds a major task facing the work of the government.
Meanwhile, the complicated crisis of governance in the country with the escalation of disputes between allies and opponents in the light of the constant factor the lack of confidence with claims for activating the national reconciliation and the rebuilding of a strong government as a «political challenge» must not be delayed in the next stage, especially since the new government is still working in the absence of ministers and security.
The main terms of the agreement
- Article 27 of the security agreement between Baghdad and Washington that, «In the event of any external or internal threat against Iraq, or the occurrence of aggression upon it, would violate the sovereignty or political independence or territorial integrity, waters or airspace, or the threat of its democracy or its elected , the Parties shall, upon the request of the Government of Iraq, to start immediately in the deliberations of the Strategy, to discuss the possibility to extend the survival of those forces at the request of the government.
- Article (4) the second paragraph, provides that Baghdad and Washington to form committees for the application of the security agreement, and be at several levels and take the character administratively and militarily, in addition to the joint committees are formed to other committees as needed, which may be required to implement the provisions of the agreement ».
- Article (23) of the Agreement that the two first cabinet and the second executive is their formation and assigned them the task of implementing the security agreement, in form another committee of political and economic nature for the implementation of the Framework Convention, «With the task of the Ministerial Committee of supervision and follow-up to the terms of the security agreement as well as registration violations that may occur in the agreement will be the Executive Committee, which will take military character supervise the withdrawal of U.S. troops from the country of destination and forming operations room coordination with U.S. forces to identify military missions for U.S. forces, and which provides the Convention on the need for knowledge of the government in advance and with the consent ».
- Article (26) of the Agreement «to enable Iraq to continue to develop its national economy through infrastructure rehabilitation (...) United States shall guarantee to make utmost efforts in the« a paragraph »Support for Iraq to obtain forgiveness of debt resulting from the policies of the international system the previous government. And «paragraph b» Support for Iraq to reach a final and comprehensive decision on the claims that Iraq inherited from the former regime have not been resolved yet, including the compensation requirements imposed on Iraq by the UN Security Council.
Withdrawal figures
- December 31 (December 2011) - the full withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq.
- 30 June (June 2009) - The withdrawal of U.S. forces from Iraqi cities.
- The first of January (January 2009) - The return of sovereignty to the Iraqi government so that it no longer able to move U.S. troops from one side and are bound to respect Iraqi laws.
- 31 August (August) 2010 - the end of U.S. combat operations.
- The first of September (September 2010) - reducing the number of U.S. troops to 50 thousand per capita, and change the name of the U.S. military mission in Iraq from the «Iraqi Freedom» to the «new dawn».
- December 31 (December 2011) - the full withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq.
- 30 June (June 2009) - The withdrawal of U.S. forces from Iraqi cities.
- The first of January (January 2009) - The return of sovereignty to the Iraqi government so that it no longer able to move U.S. troops from one side and are bound to respect Iraqi laws.
- 31 August (August) 2010 - the end of U.S. combat operations.
- The first of September (September 2010) - reducing the number of U.S. troops to 50 thousand per capita, and change the name of the U.S. military mission in Iraq from the «Iraqi Freedom» to the «new dawn».
The transfer of equipment
Has been transporting military equipment worth more than $ 1.25 billion and the withdrawal of (120) thousand troops from Iraq to the United States and Afghanistan:
- The transfer (40) A military vehicle.
- The transfer of more than 1.5 million pieces of equipment between June (June 2009) and August (August 2010)
- The transfer of more than 900 thousand pieces of equipment worth more than $ 151 million, including vehicles and communications equipment to security forces and the Iraqi ministries.
Been disposed of more than 34 million pounds of «scrap» and 32 million pounds of toxic waste
Has been transporting military equipment worth more than $ 1.25 billion and the withdrawal of (120) thousand troops from Iraq to the United States and Afghanistan:
- The transfer (40) A military vehicle.
- The transfer of more than 1.5 million pieces of equipment between June (June 2009) and August (August 2010)
- The transfer of more than 900 thousand pieces of equipment worth more than $ 151 million, including vehicles and communications equipment to security forces and the Iraqi ministries.
Been disposed of more than 34 million pounds of «scrap» and 32 million pounds of toxic waste
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